| Formatted contents note |
Machine generated contents note: pt. I Origins and sources of sports law -- 1. What is sports law? -- 1.1. What is sports law and where do we find it? -- 1.1.1. Why has the law become involved with sport? -- 1.1.2. Sources of sports law -- 1.1.3. The increasing importance of domestic and global sports law -- 1.1.4. The governance of sport in the UK -- 1.2. Domestic sports law -- 1.3. Global sports law -- 1.4. National sports law -- 1.4.1. Decisions of the domestic courts -- 1.4.2. Legislation from the national Parliament -- 1.4.3. Investigations by the Competition and Markets Authority -- 1.5. European sports law -- 1.5.1. Decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union -- 1.5.2. Decisions of the European Commission on competition issues -- 1.5.3. Sport and the European Treaties -- 1.6. International sports law -- 1.6.1. European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in Particular at Football Matches 1985 -- 1.6.2. The Anti-Doping Convention 1989 -- 1.6.3. The Convention on the Manipulation of Sports Competitions 2014 -- 1.7. Conclusion -- Hot topic 1 The relationship and interplay between lex sportiva and national law -- Summary -- Further reading -- 2. Challenging governing bodies in English law -- 2.1. The relationship between the two systems of sports law -- 2.2. The role of governing bodies and their legal status in English law -- 2.2.1. The jurisdiction of governing bodies over their members -- 2.2.2. Establishing a rival organisation -- 2.2.3. The legal status of governing bodies -- 2.3. Challenging governing bodies' decisions in the English courts -- 2.3.1. The unavailability of judicial review in England and Wales -- 2.3.2. Supervisory jurisdiction of the courts -- 2.3.3. Actions of the NGB amounting to a breach of contract -- 2.3.4. Establishing whether the proceedings are disciplinary or arbitral -- 2.4. The impact of national sports law on disciplinary and appeals tribunals -- 2.4.1. The NGB must act within its own rules and in accordance with the law -- 2.4.2. The NGB must not base its decision on errors of fact -- 2.4.3. The NGB must not take into account irrelevant considerations -- 2.4.4. The NGB must act in accordance with the rules of natural justice -- 2.4.5. The NGB must not reach its decision under the influence of bias -- 2.4.6. The NGB must not act unreasonably, arbitrarily or capriciously -- 2.4.7. The development of the current structural framework -- Hot topic 2 Challenging a club ban and the rules of natural justice -- Summary -- Further reading -- 3. Challenging governing bodies before the Court of Arbitration for Sport -- 3.1. The Court of Arbitration for Sport -- 3.2. The jurisdiction of the Court of Arbitration for Sport -- 3.3. Arbitrations and appeals -- 3.3.1. Eligibility disputes -- 3.3.2. Commercial and contractual disputes -- 3.3.3. Doping disputes -- 3.3.4. Match-fixing penalties -- 3.3.5. Good governance and procedural fairness -- 3.3.6. Forced arbitration clauses and the Pechstein litigation -- 3.4. Advisory opinions -- 3.5. Mediation -- 3.6. The role of the CAS ad hoc Division -- 3.7. Challenges to decisions of the Court of Arbitration for Sport before the Swiss Federal Tribunal -- Hot topic 3 McLaren and meldonium -- Summary -- Further reading -- pt. II Sports participation and the law -- 4. Liability for injuries caused by other participants -- 4.1. The growth of sports torts -- 4.1.1. Choice of tort -- negligence or trespass to the person? -- 4.2. Trespass to the person -- 4.2.1. Battery -- 4.3. Negligence -- 4.4. Negligence in sports cases -- 4.4.1. Duty of care -- 4.4.2. Breach of duty and the expected standard of behaviour -- 4.5. Vicarious liability -- 4.5.1. Bringing a claim based on vicarious liability -- 4.5.2. Vicarious liability for negligent acts -- 4.5.3. Vicarious liability for deliberate acts -- 4.5.4. Dual employment -- 4.6. Defences -- 4.6.1. Defences to trespass to the person -- 4.6.2. Defences to negligence -- 4.7. Compensation -- 4.7.1. Calculating compensation -- Hot topic 4 The evolution of vicarious liability and its impact on sport -- Summary -- Further reading -- 5. Liability for injuries caused by non-participants -- 5.1. Extending sports negligence to new defendants -- 5.1.1. Possible explanations for the expansion of negligence liability -- 5.1.2. Recent restrictions on liability -- 5.2. Coaches, instructors and supervisors -- 5.2.1. Establishing a claim -- 5.2.2. Defences -- 5.3. Referees and match officials -- 5.3.1. Establishing a claim -- 5.3.2. Defences -- 5.4. Governing bodies and international federations -- 5.4.1. Establishing a claim -- 5.4.2. Defences -- 5.5. Medical professionals -- 5.5.1. First aid and the initial injury -- 5.5.2. The design and implementation of return to fitness programmes -- 5.5.3. Referrals for specialist medical treatment -- 5.5.4. Confidentiality and the disclosure of medical records -- Hot topic 5 What is the prospect of a concussion claim succeeding in the UK? -- Summary -- Further reading -- 6. Sports participation and the criminal law -- 6.1. Regulating athletes' conduct with the criminal law -- 6.1.1. The role of sports disciplinary tribunals -- 6.2. Criminal violence in sports -- 6.2.1. Overview of the applicable offences -- 6.2.2. R v Barnes -- prosecuting sports violence -- 6.2.3. Application of the law and sentencing -- 6.2.4. Defences -- 6.2.5. Homicide -- 6.3. Public disorder and racism -- 6.3.1. Public Order Act 1986 ss.4A and 5 -- causing harassment, alarm and distress -- 6.3.2. Breach of the peace and inciting crowd disorder -- 6.3.3. Racial abuse -- 6.3.4. Assaulting the crowd -- 6.4. Match-fixing, spot-fixing and corruption -- 6.4.1. Criminal conspiracies -- 6.4.2. Fraud Act 2006 -- fraud -- 6.4.3. Gambling Act 2005 s.42 -- cheating at gambling -- 6.5. Sexual offences and child abuse -- Hot topic 6 Regulating gambling-related corruption in sport -- Summary -- Further reading -- 7. The legality of fighting sports -- 7.1. Context -- 7.2. The legal status of traditional fighting sports -- 7.2.1. Distinguishing between sparring and prize-fighting -- 7.3. The legal status of modern fighting sports -- 7.3.1. The anomalous position of fighting sports -- 7.3.2. Properly conducted sports -- 7.4. Justifying the legal status of fighting sports -- 7.4.1. The public policy arguments -- 7.4.2. The legal arguments and R v Brown -- 7.4.3. The jurisprudential arguments -- 7.4.4. Conclusion -- Hot topic 7 The regulation of mixed martial arts -- Summary -- Further reading -- pt. III Stadiums, spectators and the law -- 8. Liability for dangerous premises and dangerous events -- 8.1. General tortious liability of organisers and hosts of sports events -- 8.1.1. Historical background -- 8.2. The Occupiers' Liability Acts 1957 and 1984 -- 8.2.1. Liability for occupancy or liability for the activity -- 8.2.2. The premises -- 8.2.3. The occupier of the premises -- 8.2.4. Visitors and trespassers -- 8.2.5. Occupiers' Liability Act 1957 -- 8.2.6. Occupiers' Liability Act 1984 -- 8.3. Nuisance -- 8.3.1. Private nuisance -- 8.3.2. Public nuisance -- 8.4. Actions in negligence -- 8.4.1. Participants v. Organisers -- 8.4.2. Spectators v. Organisers -- 8.4.3. Spectators v. Participants -- 8.4.4. Passersby v. Organisers -- 8.5. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998/2306 -- Hot topic 8 Striking the balance between safety and risk at sporting events -- Summary -- Further reading -- 9. Stadium disasters and spectator safety -- 9.1. Background and context -- 9.1.1. Cheltenham Races, 1866 and Ewood Park, Blackburn, 1894 -- 9.1.2. Ibrox Park, Glasgow, 1902 -- 9.2. Empire Stadium, Wembley and the Shortt Report, 1923 -- 1924 -- 9.2.1. Empire Stadium, Wembley, 1923 -- 9.2.2. The Shortt Report, 1924 -- `Report of the Departmental Committee on Crowds' -- 9.3. Burnden Park, Bolton and the Moelwyn Hughes Report, 1946 -- 9.3.1. Burnden Park, Bolton, 1946 -- 9.3.2. The Moelwyn Hughes Report, 1946 -- `Enquiry into the Disaster at Bolton Wanderers' Football Ground on the 9th March 1946' -- 9.4. Creating the conditions for further disasters -- 9.5. Ibrox Park, Glasgow, and the Wheatley Report, 1971 -- 9.5.1. Ibrox Park, Glasgow, 1971 -- 9.5.2. The Wheatley Report, 1972 -- `Report on Crowd Safety at Sports Grounds' -- 9.5.3. The Safety at Sports Grounds Act 1975 -- 9.6. Valley Parade, Bradford and the Popplewell Reports, 1985 -- 1986 -- 9.6.1. Valley Parade, Bradford, 1985 -- 9.6.2. The Popplewell Reports, 1985 and 1986 -- 9.7. Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield and the Taylor Reports, 1989 -- 1990 -- 9.7.1. Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield, 1989 -- 9.7.2. The Taylor Interim Report, 1989 -- The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster' -- 9.7.3. The Taylor Final Report, 1990 -- `The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster' -- 9.7.4. The legacy -- Hot topic 9 Should safe standing be reintroduced at designated football grounds? -- Summary -- Further reading -- 10. Crowd disorder and football hooliganism -- 10.1. Background and context -- 10.2. Government inquiries into crowd disorder, 1967 -- 1984 -- 10.2.1. The Harrington Report, 1968 -- `Soccer Hooliganism: A Preliminary Report' -- 10.2.2. The Lang Report, 1969 -- `Report of the Working Party: Crowd Behaviour at Football Matches' -- 10.2.3. The McElhone Report, 1977 -- `Report of the Working Group on Football Crowd Behaviour'<br/><br/>Note continued: 10.2.4. Department of the Environment Working Group Report, 1984 -- ' Football Spectator Violence' -- 10.3. St Andrew's, Birmingham, Heysel Stadium, Brussels and the Popplewell Reports, 1985 -- 1986 -- 10.3.1. St Andrew's, Birmingham, 1985 -- 10.3.2. Sporting Events (Control of Alcohol) Act 1985 -- 10.3.3. The Popplewell Interim Report, 1985 -- `Interim Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Crowd Safety and Control at Sports Grounds' -- 10.3.4. Heysel Stadium, Brussels 1985 -- 10.3.5. The Popplewell Final Report, 1986 -- The Final Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Crowd Safety and Control at Sports Grounds' -- 10.3.6. European Convention on Spectator Violence -- 10.4. Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield and the Taylor Reports, 1989 -- 1990 -- 10.4.1. The Football (Offences) Act 1991 -- 10.4.2. Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 ss.166 and 166A -- regulating ticket touting -- 10.4.3. Recommendations for amending the Football Spectators Act 1989 -- 10.5. General legislation applicable to disorderly crowds -- 10.5.1. Public Order Act 1986 -- 10.5.2. Other relevant legislation -- 10.6. Football Banning Orders -- 10.6.1. Football Spectators Act 1989 S.14A -- Football Banning Orders on conviction -- 10.6.2. Football Spectators Act 1989 S.14B -- Football Banning Orders on complaint -- 10.6.3. The effect of being subject to a Football Banning Order -- Hot topic 10 What is a regulated football match? -- Summary -- Further reading -- pt. IV The commercialisation of sport -- 11. Regulating sporting relationships in English law -- 11.1. The changing nature of sporting relationships -- 11.2. Identifying and interpreting sports contracts -- 11.2.1. Identifying the existence of a contract -- 11.2.2. Interpreting the terms of the contract -- 11.3. Conduct interfering with the performance of a contract -- 11.3.1. Breach of contract -- 11.3.2. Procuring a breach of contract -- 11.3.3. Unlawful interference with the performance of a contract -- 11.3.4. Conflicts of interest in the contractual relationship -- 11.3.5. Constructive dismissal -- 11.3.6. Unfair dismissal -- 11.4. Restraint of trade -- 11.4.1. Restraints affecting clubs -- 11.4.2. Restraints affecting players -- 11.5. Discriminatory behaviour -- 11.5.1. Equality Act 2010 -- 11.5.2. Sex discrimination -- 11.5.3. Race discrimination -- 11.5.4. Disability discrimination -- 11.5.5. Age discrimination -- 11.6. The `Football Creditors' Rule' and taxation -- Hot topic 11 Can we achieve genuinely `open' competition? -- Summary -- Further reading -- 12. Regulating sporting relationships in EU law -- 12.1. Engaging EU law through sporting relationships -- 12.1.1. The Court of Justice of the European Union's jurisdiction to hear disputes -- making a reference under Art.267 TFEU (ex Art.234 ECT) -- 12.1.2. The Court of Justice of the European Union's jurisdiction to hear sports disputes -- 12.2. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Art, 45 (ex Art.39 ECT) -- freedom of movement for workers -- 12.2.1. The Bosnian decision -- 12.2.2. The impact of the Bosnian decision -- 12.2.3. Extending the reach of Art.45 TFEU -- 12.3. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Art.56 (ex Art.49 ECT) -- freedom to provide services -- 12.3.1. The Deliege decision -- 12.3.2. The impact of Deliege on English law -- 12.4. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Art.49 (ex Art.43 ECT) -- freedom of establishment -- 12.5. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Arts.101 and 102 (ex Arts.81 and 82 ECT) -- competition law -- 12.5.1. Undertakings, associations of undertakings and the `dual role' of sports authorities -- 12.5.2. The `dual role' of sporting rules -- 12.2.3. Conduct protected from the scope of EU law -- 12.6. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Art. 107 (ex Art.87) -- state aid -- Hot topic 12 Future developments and potenlal controversies in EU sports law -- Summary -- Further reading -- 13. The fan as consumer and the commercial exploitation of sport -- 13.1. The commercialisation and commodification of sport -- 13.2. The exploitation of intellectual property and merchandising rights -- 13.2.1. Protecting team names -- 13.2.2. Replica kits -- 13.2.3. Protecting other merchandising rights -- 13.2.4. Ambush marketing -- 13.3. Regulating access to televised sport -- 13.3.1. Collective sales and exclusive deals -- 13.3.2. Live sport in pubs -- 13.3.3. Protected events of national importance -- 13.4. Ticket touting and the regulation of secondary ticket sales -- 13.4.1. The evolution of the secondary market -- 13.4.2. Regulation by generally applicable criminal law provisions -- 13.4.3. Regulation of specific instances of ticket touting -- 13.4.4. Enforcing ticket conditions under the civil law -- Hot topic 13 The evolution and protection of broadcast and media rights -- Summary -- Further reading -- 14. Olympic law and sporting mega-events -- 14.1. Olympic law and its impact on sporting mega-events -- 14.2. The modern Olympic Movement -- 14.2.1. The structure of the Olympic Movement -- 14.2.2. The Olympic Charter -- 14.2.3. The International Olympic Committee -- 14.2.4. National representatives -- 14.3. Law and the Olympics -- 14.3.1. The Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol 1981 -- 14.3.2. Olympic Symbols etc (Protection) Act 1995 -- 14.3.3. London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006 -- 14.3.4. Preventing ambush marketing at the Olympics and global sporting events -- 14.3.5. Olympic taxation rules and requirements -- 14.4. The Court of Arbitration for Sport ad hoc Division -- 14.5. The impact of Olympic law on future sporting mega-events -- Hot topic 14 Changing perceptions on hosting the Olympic Games -- Summary -- Further reading. |
